![]() ![]() ![]() The most westerly of these passes was the one through which the road ran from Thebes and Plataeae to Eleusis the central one was the pass of Phyle, through which was the direct road from Thebes to Athens and the eastern one was the pass of Deceleia, leading from Athens to Oropus and Delium.Ī more particular account of these important passes is given below. Through the range of Cithaeron and Parnes there are three principal passes, all of which were of great importance in ancient times for the protection of Attica on the side of Boeotia. There are two passes across the mountains from Corinth into the Megaris, which are spoken of under MEGARIS. It thus appears that Megaris naturally forms a part of the peninsula: it was one of the four ancient divisions of Attica, but was afterwards separated from it. These two chains of mountains, together with the central one of Cithaeron, completely protect the peninsula of Attica from the rest of Greece. The modern name of Parnes is Noziá that of Cithaeron, or at least of its highest point, is Elaté, derived from its fir-trees. through Megaris under the name of the Oenean mountains, and terminating at the Scironian rocks on the Saronic gulf and the other, called Parnes, running in a general easterly direction, and terminating on the sea coast above the promontory Rhamnus. From the latter there were two chief branches, one extending SW. The most important part of this range, immediately south of Thebes and Plataeae, and near the Corinthian gulf, was called Cithaeron. It is separated from Boeotia by a range of lofty, and in most places inaccessible, mountains, which extend from the Corinthian gulf to the channel of Euboea. It was bounded on the east by the Aegaean sea, on the west by Megaris and the Saronic gulf, and on the north by Boeotia. 3.14.5.) Some modern scholars think that Attica has nothing to do with the word Acte, but contains the root Att or Ath, which we see in Ath-enae.Īttica is in the form of a triangle, having two of its sides washed by the sea, and its base united to the land. ![]() 11.) Its name, however, was usually derived by the ancient writers from the autochthon Actaeus or Actaeon, or from Atthis, daughter of Cranaus, who is represented as the second king of Athens. ![]() It is stated by several ancient writers that the country was originally called Acte. Attica would thus be a corruption of Actica ( Ἀκτική), which would be regularly formed from Acte. The name of Attica is probably derived from Acte ( Ἀκτή), as being a projecting peninsula, in the same manner as the peninsula of Mt. γῆ), one of the political divisions of Greece. This page was created in 2005 last modified on 6 August 2020.A´TTICA A´ TTICA ( ἡ Ἀττική, sc. Some of these fields were given to veterans and were free of taxes others were property of the city and were liable to taxation. It must have measured 44 x 63 square fields, each measuring 715 x 715 meters. The statue in the center represents the emperor Augustus, under whose auspices Orange had been founded.Īn interesting archaeological find dates from the reign of the emperor Vespasian: a land register. The impressive stage wall has a width of 103 meters and is 38 meters high. This is one of the oldest surviving examples of the "triple" triumphal arch that was to become the standard type (e.g., the arch of Septimius Severus and the arch of Constantine I the Great in Rome). Reliefs show defeated Gauls and victorious legionaries, which may have belonged to the Twentieth Legion Valeria Victrix, the Fourteenth Legion Gemina, and the Twenty-First Legion Rapax. To commemorate the Roman victory, a triumphal arch, was erected. The town suffered heavily from the Gallic revolt under Julius Sacrovir and Julius Florus in 21 CE, but as it was situated along the road from the Mediterranean to Lyon, there was sufficient trade to obtain money for recovery. it replaced an older town, which was situated on a hill, a bit more to the south. The Roman town was founded as a settlement for veterans of the Second Legion in 36 BCE. Arausio, named after a native goddess, was probably the site of Hannibal's crossing of the Rhône (218 BCE) and certainly the place where the Cimbrians defeated the Romans in 105 BCE. ![]()
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